厦门白蚁种类名录与常见白蚁的防治

记载厦门白蚁种类4科12属21种，其中9种为厦门新记录种。为害林木的主要有家白蚁、黑翅土白蚁、黄翅大白蚁，介绍了此3种白蚁常见寄主及防治方法。     

河南省古树名木的保护意义与保护对策

阐述了保护古树名木的重要意义,通过对河南省古树名木的现状分析,提出了今后在保护古树名木方面应采取的措施。     

Hollows in jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) and marri (Corymbia calophylla) trees: I. Hollow sizes, tree attributes and ages

One hundred and fifty-four jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) and 85 marri (Corymbia calophylla) trees were measured and assessed, and the numbers and sizes of hollows in these trees were determined by destructive sampling; 665 hollows were located and measured. The relationship between tree diameter and tree age was determined from counts of annual growth rings on 162 of these trees. Large trees and trees with moderately senescent crowns individually bear the most hollows. Although the number of hollows found in individual trees increased with tree diameter, the distribution of tree diameters in the forest is skewed and the large number of small trees with diameters between 40 and 80 cm contribute approximately 50% of all hollows in the jarrah forest. The distributions of entry size, and of hollow depth, are highly skewed, with small hollows occurring more frequently than large hollows. Although jarrah trees bear more hollows than marri trees and the distribution of entry sizes is similar for both tree species, the hollows in jarrah are significantly smaller than the hollows in marri. Most hollows are cylindrical in shape, vertically oriented and occur in dead wood in the tree crown. Relatively few hollows (14%) occur in the tree bole or at crown break. Counts of hollows made from ground level are inaccurate as estimates of the actual number of hollows in trees.     

北京城市行道树衰弱原因分析

为了探寻行道树衰弱的原因,为其治理提供依据,作者从行道树周围存在的市政基础设施和施工对行道树的影响、土壤问题、水分胁迫三个方面进行了论述,认为导致行道树衰弱的主要原因是以上的一个或多个因素综合作用的结果。     

杉木萌芽林林冠下营造木荷后土壤肥力状况的研究

通过对杉木萌芽林林冠下营造木荷后形成的混交林土壤肥力变化的测定与分析表明：与杉木纯林相比，混交林凋落物量较多，且易于分解，灰分养分较为丰富，土壤有机质含量较高，土壤结构稳定性好，土体疏松多孔，养分贮量大，供肥能力较强，这表明杉木萌芽林经改造形成稳定的混交林后土壤肥力状况有较大程度的改善。     

The role of shelter in Australia for protecting soils,plants and livestock

The purpose of this review is to examine the current knowledge of the role of trees in providing shelter for pastures, crops, and livestock, for controlling erosion of soils and improving productivity and sustainability of agricultural production in Australia — and the extent to which this knowledge has been applied.Land degradation — tree loss and associated soil salinity, water and wind erosion, soil acidification, soil structural decline and nutrient degradation — is evidence that our primary production systems are not sustainable. We have sought increased production without proper consideration of the ecological context of that system. About half of Victoria's crop and pasture lands are affected or at risk, and in Western Australia about 25% of the cleared agricultural land is wind-eroded and 60% is potentially susceptible, salinity affects 0.43 m ha and half of the divertible surface water is affected by salinity. Similar problems occur in other States. At least 43 m ha or 13% of our rangelands are seriously degraded by wind erosion caused by overgrazing, often coinciding with drought or a run of drier years.Minimum tillage and stubble management for erosion control in cropping has been a major extension and research activity in Australian agriculture. Severe weather, combined with imperfect adoption of appropriate grazing and crop management systems, shows the weakness of complete reliance on these methods of erosion control. An effective system must accommodate the impact of extreme events, which are the most damaging. However, the complementary use of windbreaks to reduce soil erosion is rare, and their establishment has not been promoted, despite the wide-spread adoption of this technology by other countries.In the cropping and higher rainfall grazing areas, the systematic planting of 10% of the land in a net of shelterbelts/timberbelts/clusters could achieve a 50% windspeed reduction; this would substantially improve livestock and pasture production in the short and long-term. Wind erosion could be dramatically reduced and crop production probably increased by the use of windbreaks. Wheat and oat yield at Rutherglen (Victoria), and lupin yield at Esperance (Western Australia), were increased in the sheltered zone by 22% and 47%, and 30%, respectively.In semi-arid and dry temperate areas, planting of 5% of the land to shelter could reduce windspeed by 30–50% and soil loss by up to 80%. This planting would also contribute substantially to achieving other objectives of sustainable agriculture. Agroforestry — particularly timberbelts applications — will be important in the long-term strategy for achieving revegetation. If some of the trees yield a marketable product then the adoption of the system will be more readily achieved.In the arid (pastoral) areas there is an urgent need to promote the ethic that preservation and improvement of the perennial grass and shrub vegetation is critical for the protection of the soil and maintenance of land capability. Control of animal grazing remains the sole means of preventing erosion in much of this zone. While satellite imagery allows us to assess the condition of leasehold lands, we have failed to achieve stocking policies that will halt the degradation of our rangelands.     

速生丰产林培育目标和主伐年龄研究

林木培育目标应根据林分立地条件类型、林分生长类型等级、森林经营集约度和社会材种需求综合确定。通过林木定向培育提早主伐年龄以获得较高目的材种产量。对大径材培育主伐年龄应先与工艺成熟龄比较后确定。良种化林木培育是森林经营水平的重要标志，与Ⅰ类林分相比仍提早主伐年龄，增加材种产量１倍左右。应具体分析目前速生丰产林生长状况，林龄面积分布等，调整林木培育目标和主伐年龄，以保证森林资源的永续利用。     

用热扩散式茎流计测定园林树木蒸腾耗水量

采用热扩散式边材液流探针和环境自动监测系统对北京3种园林树木的树干液流及主要环境因子进行了一个生长季的同步观测.结果表明,3树种树干液流的日变化呈明显的单峰曲线,晴天的液流速率大于多云天和阴天,紫叶李和悬铃木的日耗水量明显大于元宝枫;对不同天气3树种每h的液流速率与相应的环境因子进行逐步回归分析.结果显示,影响3树种液流速率的主要环境因子是空气温度、空气相对湿度、辐射强度和5 cm土层温度,在不同天气里起主导作用的因子不同,环境因子与树干液流之间的数量关系能较好地预测树木的蒸腾耗水量.     

A review of measurement options for multipurpose trees

There is an urgent need to standardize the methods used to assess the growth of multipurpose trees. Most of the standard methods so far described have been developed specifically for use in multilocational trial networks. This paper was prepared for the F/FRED/ICRAF Workshop on MPTS Assessment Methods, held in Thailand in May 1991 to develop internationally-recognised standards for assessment methodology. It critically reviews the methods prescribed by different networks for height and diameter measurement, and for biomass estimation, giving researchers a range of methodological options to consider and re-emphasizing the need, all too often neglected, to define assessment methods clearly and unambiguously.     

果树组织培养中褐化现象的研究进展

介绍了果树植物组织培养褐变的发生机理，发生褐变的主要果树种类，综述了近年来果树植物组织培养中参与褐变现象的酚类物质、酚氧化酶以及多种影响因素的研究进展。